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CAT Reading Comprehension Question Papers 04 |
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brains memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that object are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure : , the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object's features. Although some experiments show that, as an object become familiar, its internal representation becomes more familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
It can be inferred from the passage that the matching process in visual recognition is
Not a natural activity.
Not possible when an object is viewed for the very first time.
Not possible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in same way.
Only possible when a retinal image is received in the brain as a unitary whole.
Now fully understood as a combination of the serial and parallel process.
Ans : A
In terms of its tone and form, the passage can best be characterized as
A biased exposition
A speculative study
A dispassionate presentation
An indignant denial
A dogmatic explanation.
Ans : C
The author is primarily concerned with
Explaining how the brain receives images
Synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
Examining the evidence supporting the serial recognition hypothesis
Discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it.
Reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity.
Ans : B
According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?
I A retinal image is in exactly the same form as its internal representation
II An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.
III The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step
II only
III only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III
Ans : D
According to Albert Einstein the non mathematician, is seized by a mysterious shuddering when he hears of 'four-dimensional' things, he is seized by a feeling, which is very similar to the thoughts awakened by the occult. And at the same time the statement that the world in which we live is a four-dimensional space - time continuum is quite a common place statement.
This might lead to an argument regarding the use of the term ''commonplace'' by Einstein. Yet the difficulty lies more in the wording than the ideas. Einstein's concept of the universe as a four-dimensional space-time continuum becomes plain and clear, when what he means by ''continuum'' becomes clear. A continuum is something that is continuous, A ruler, for example, is a one-dimensional space continuum. Most rulers are divided into inches and fractions, scaled down to one-sixteenth of an inch.
Will it be possible to conceive a ruler, which is calibrated to a millionth or billionth of an inch. In theory there is no reason why the steps from point to point should not be even smaller. What distinguishes a continuum is the fact that the space between any two points can be sub-divided into an infinite number of smaller divisions.
A railroad track is a one-dimensional space continuum and on it the engineer of a train can describe his position at any time by citing a single co-ordinate point - i.e., a station or a milestone. A sea captain, however, has to worry about two dimensions. The surface of the sea is a two-dimensional continuum and the co-ordinate points by which sailor fixes his positions in his two dimensional continuum are latitude and longitude. An airplane pilot guides his plane through a three - dimensional continuum, hence he has to consider not only latitude and longitude, but also his height above the ground. The continuum of an airplane pilot constitutes space as we perceive it. In other words, the space of our world is a three-dimensional continuum.
Just indicating its position in space is not enough while describing any physical event, which involves motion. How position changes in time also needs to be mentioned. Thus to give an accurate picture of the operation of a New York - Chicago express, one must mention not only that it goes from New - York to Albany to Syracuse to Cleveland to Toledo to Chicago, but also the times at which it touches each of those points. This can be done either by means of a timetable or a visual chart. If the miles between New York and Chicago are plotted horizontally on a piece of ruled paper and the hours and minutes are plotted vertically, then a diagonal line properly drawn across the page illustrates the progress of the train in two - dimensional space - time continuum. This type of graphic representation is familiar to most newspaper readers; a stock market chart, for example, pictures financial events in a two - dimensional dollar - time continuum. Similarly for the best picturization of the flight of an airplane from New York to Los Angeles a four - dimensional space - time continuum is essential. The latitude, longitude and altitude will only make sense to the traffic manager of the airline if the time co - ordinate is also mentioned. Therefore time is the fourth dimension. If a flight has to be looked at, perceived as a whole, it wouldn't work if it is broken down into a series of disconnected take - offs, climbs, glides, and landing, it needs to be looked at and perceived as a continuous four - dimensional space - time continuum curve.
In order to explain a difficult topic, the author use
Simply phrased definition's
An incessant metaphor
A plain writing style
Familiar images
A quotation from Einstein
Ans : D
The significant feature of a continuum, according to the passage, revolves around
The divisibility of the interval between any two points.
An ordinary ruler's caliber for marking
Its unending curve
Its lucid from providing comprehensibility to the non - scientists as well
Its variety of co - ordinates.
Ans : A
The purpose of this passage is to highlight the point that
Plots and sea captains have something in common
Stock market charts may be helpful to physicists
The fourth dimension is time.
Non - mathematician's are often afraid of the commonplace
There is a marked quality to distance
Ans : C
According to the passage, an airlines traffic manager depends upon all of the following EXCEPT
latitude
altitude
the time co - ordinate
longitude
the continuous curve in co four
Ans : E
The underlying tone of this selection is
persuasive
deferential
candid
instructive
gently condescending
Ans : D
According to the author if on wishes portray a physical event in which motion plays a role - one has to
Make use of a time-table
Indicate how position changes in time
Be conversant with the scientist's theories
Describe it graphically
Be aware of altitude, latitude and longitude
Ans : B
The sea-captain's example has been cited in order to
Help understand a two - dimensional continuum
Set up a logical progression
Simplify what ever is too elaborate
Mitigate the gap between the engineer and pilot
To sustain out interest in the reading of the passage.
Ans : A
From the 197 million square miles, which make up the surface of the globe, 71 per cent is covered by the interconnecting bodies of marine water; the Pacific Ocean alone covers half the Earth and averages near 14,000 feet in depth. The portions which rise above sea level are the continents-Eurasia, Africa; North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica. The submerged borders of the continental masses are the continental shelves, beyond which lie the deep-sea basins.
The ocean are deepest not in the center but in some elongated furrows, or long narrow troughs, called deeps. These profound troughs have a peripheral arrangement, notably around the borders of the pacific and Indian oceans. The position of the deeps, like the highest mountains, are of recent origin, since otherwise they would have been filled with waste from the lands. This is further strengthened by the observation that the deeps are quite often, where world-shaking earthquakes occur. To cite an example, the "tidal wave" that in April, 1946, caused widespread destruction along Pacific coasts resulted from a strong earthquake on the floor of the Aleutian Deep.
The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known, since in great areas the available soundings are hundreds or even thousands of miles apart. However, the floor of the Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result of special surveys since 1920. A broad, well-defined ridge-the Mid-Atlantic ridge-runs north and south between Africa and the two Americas and numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor. Closely spaced soundings show that many parts of the oceanic floors are as rugged as mountainous regions of the continents. Use of the recently perfected method of submarine topography. During world war II great strides were made in mapping submarine surfaces, particularly in many parts of the vast Pacific basin.
Most of the continents stand on an average of 2870 feet above sea level. North America averages 2300 feet; Europe averages only 1150 feet; and Asia, the highest of the larger continental subdivisions, averages 3200 feet. Mount Everest, which is the highest point in the globe, is 29,000 feet above the sea; and as the greatest known depth in the sea is over 35,000 feet, the maximum relief (that is, the difference in altitude between the lowest and highest points) exceeds 64,000 feet, or exceeds 12 miles. The continental masses and the deep-sea basins are relief features of the first order; the deeps, ridges, and volcanic cones that diversify the sea floor, as well as the plains, plateaus, and mountains of the continents, are relief features of the second order. The lands are unendingly subject to a complex of activities summarized in the term erosion, which first sculptures them in great detail and then tends to reduce them ultimately to sea level. The modeling of the landscape by weather, running water, and other agents is apparent to the keenly observant eye and causes thinking people to speculate on what must be the final result of the ceaseless wearing down of the lands. Much before there was any recognizable science as geology, Shakespeare wrote "the revolution of the times makes mountains level."
The peripheral furrows or deeps are found
only in the pacific and Indian oceans
near earthquakes
near the shore
in the center of the ocean
to be 14,000 feet in depth in the pacific.
Ans : C
The largest ocean is the
Atlantic
pacific
Aleutian deep
arctic
Indian.
Ans : B
We may conclude from this passage that earth quakes
Occur more frequently in newly formed land or sea formations
Are caused by the weight of the water
Cause erosion
Occur in the deeps
Will ultimately "make mountains level".
Ans : A
The highest mountains are
oldest
in excess of 12 miles
near the deeps
relief features of the first order
of recent origin.
Ans : E
The science of geology was started
By the Greeks
During world war II
April 1946
After 1600
In 1920
Ans : D
The highest point on North America is
2870 feet above sea level
not mentioned in the passage
higher than the highest point in Europe
2300 feet above sea level
in Mexico.
Ans : B
The deeps are subject to change caused by
erosion
soundings
earthquakes
waste
weathering
Ans : C
The continental masses
Rise above sea level
Consist of six continents
Are relief features of the second order
Are partially submerged
Comprise 29 per cent of the earth's surface.
Ans : D
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